Empiricism -- Reason : intuitive and discursive -- Innate principles versus self-evident principles -- rationalism -- The light of reason and the light of enthusiasm / John Locke -- The sense of the heart -- Freedom of the will / Jonathan Edwards -- The law of nature / James Wilson -- The reason versus the understanding / Samuel Taylor Coleridge -- Against the argument from miracles -- The connection between virtue and utility / George Ripley -- The reason versus the understanding -- Retrospection -- Religion and the moral sentiment == The American scholar -- Self-reliance / Ralph Waldo Emerson -- Transcendentalism and sensationalism / Theodore Parker
The aim of synthetic philosophy -- The achievement of synthetic philosophy / Herbert Spencer -- Scientific axions == Spencer versus Comte / John Fiske -- Against Spencer -- In defense of Darwin / Chauncey Wright -- Scientific hypotheses -- The relation of thoughts to things, the formation of concepts, metaphysical theories / J.B. Stallo -- How to make our ideas clear -- Pragmatism and scholastic realism / Charles Peirce -- The nature of metaphysical axions -- Against determinism -- Pragmatism, a happy harmonizer / William James -- God and science / Josiah Royce -- The genteel tradition -- The poetry of Christian dogma / George Santayana -- Logic and science -- Reconstruction in philosophy / John Dewey